Seroma is a common postoperative complication that occurs when fluid accumulates in the surgical site, forming a pocket or cavity. This condition can occur after various surgical procedures, including breast surgery, hernia repair, and abdominoplasty. Understanding the causes of seroma is crucial for both patients and healthcare professionals to prevent and manage this condition effectively.

1. Surgical Trauma: One of the primary causes of seroma is surgical trauma. During surgery, tissues are manipulated, and blood vessels are disrupted, leading to the release of fluid. This fluid can accumulate in the surgical site, resulting in the formation of a seroma. The extent of surgical trauma can vary depending on the complexity and invasiveness of the procedure.

2. Lymphatic Disruption: The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in fluid drainage and immune function. When lymphatic vessels are damaged or disrupted during surgery, the normal flow of lymphatic fluid is impeded. This disruption can lead to the accumulation of fluid in the surgical area, contributing to the development of a seroma.

3. Infection: In some cases, seromas can be caused by infection. When bacteria or other pathogens enter the surgical site, they can trigger an inflammatory response, leading to the production of excess fluid. This fluid, combined with the body’s immune response, can result in the formation of a seroma.

4. Seroma Prevention Techniques: To minimize the risk of seroma formation, surgeons employ various preventive measures. These may include the use of drains to remove excess fluid from the surgical site, the application of compression garments or dressings to promote tissue adherence, and the administration of medications that reduce inflammation and fluid accumulation.

Seroma formation is a common complication following surgery, but understanding its causes can help in its prevention and management. Surgical trauma, lymphatic disruption, and infection are the primary factors contributing to seroma formation. By implementing appropriate preventive measures and infection control techniques, healthcare professionals can reduce the incidence of seromas and improve patient outcomes.